Tibial plateau levelling osteotomy - TPLO
- honeydewanimalclinic
- Feb 14, 2024
- 3 min read
Updated: 5 days ago
Understanding TPLO surgery for dogs with a cranial cruciate ligament injury
A cranial cruciate ligament (CCL) injury is a common cause of hind-leg lameness and knee pain in dogs. One of the surgical options used to treat significant CCL injuries is Tibial Plateau Levelling Osteotomy (TPLO).
TPLO is an advanced orthopaedic procedure that changes the mechanics of the knee, allowing the joint to remain stable without relying on the damaged ligament.
What is a TPLO?
The cranial cruciate ligament helps stabilise the knee during movement. When it is torn or significantly damaged, the knee can become unstable, resulting in pain, lameness and, over time, progressive arthritis.
During TPLO surgery, the top portion of the tibia is carefully cut and rotated to change the angle of the tibial plateau. The bone is then stabilised in its new position using a specialised plate and screws.
This changes the way forces are transmitted through the knee and helps prevent the abnormal forward movement of the femur over the tibia.
How is TPLO surgery performed?
Before surgery, X-rays of the affected knee are taken and carefully assessed. Measurements help determine the correction required for the individual patient.
During the procedure:
The knee joint is examined for damage to the cruciate ligament and meniscus.
A specialised curved saw is used to make the required cut in the tibia.
The tibial plateau is rotated to the desired angle.
A specialised bone plate and screws are used to stabilise the bone.
Follow-up X-rays are used to monitor healing after surgery.
TPLO is a precise procedure that requires specialised equipment, implants and orthopaedic surgical expertise.
Is TPLO suitable for every dog?
No. The most appropriate treatment depends on several factors, including your dog's:
Size and breed
Activity level
Age and general health
Degree of knee instability
Condition of the knee joint
Long-term lifestyle requirements
TPLO is commonly considered for medium to large dogs and active dogs where restoring good long-term function is an important goal.
Your veterinarian will assess your dog and discuss the most appropriate treatment options.
What is recovery like?
Recovery following TPLO surgery requires patience and careful management.
For the first 6–8 weeks, activity needs to be restricted while the bone heals. Exercise is gradually increased through controlled lead walking and, where appropriate, rehabilitation exercises.
Follow-up examinations and X-rays are an important part of the recovery process.
Many dogs show noticeable improvement in their use of the operated leg within the first few weeks, but a complete return to unrestricted activity takes longer. Full recovery commonly takes several months.
What are the possible complications?
As with any surgery, complications are possible. These can include infection, inflammation around the patellar tendon, delayed bone healing, meniscal problems and complications involving the plate or screws.
Serious complications such as implant failure or bone fracture are uncommon, but all potential risks will be discussed with you before surgery.
TPLO Before & After Surgery
Does your dog have a suspected cruciate ligament injury?
If your dog has suddenly become lame on a hind leg, is reluctant to exercise, has difficulty getting up or appears to be experiencing knee pain, a cranial cruciate ligament injury could be one possible cause.
An examination and appropriate imaging can help determine what is happening and which treatment options may be suitable.
Need Veterinary Advice?
If your pet is showing signs of lameness or knee pain, the team at Honeydew Animal Clinic can assess your pet, explain the treatment options and help you decide on the appropriate next steps.
📞 011 795 2034
About Honeydew Animal Clinic
Honeydew Animal Clinic provides compassionate veterinary care for dogs, cats and other companion animals in Honeydew and the surrounding Johannesburg area. Our services include preventative healthcare, diagnostics, surgery, dentistry and advanced orthopaedic procedures.